Miral Nursing

Introduction •        Bone tumor is neoplastic tissue growth in bone . abnormal growth can benign or malignant. •        Average five year survival in us after diagnose with bone & joint cancer is 70%. CLASSIFICATION v   Tumor  as primary tumors, which originate in bone derive cells & tissue .it may be neoplastic, development, traumatic, infectious & inflammatory etiology. v   Secondary tumor originate in other sites & spread to skeleton. v   P rostate Carcinomas , breasts, lungs, thyroid & kidneys most commonly. Secondary malignant bone tumor estimated to be 50 to 100 times as primary TISSUE TYPES BENIGN MALIGNANT SITE INCIDENCE Chondrogenic (cartilage-forming tumors OSTEOCHONDROMA Chondroma   Pelvis, scapula, ribs Hands, feet, ribs, spine, sternum, or long bones.   Higher in males Age  30 to 50 , higher in males. Chondrosarcoma f...

Diseases of Pulpitis Definition •   It is defined as Mild, transient, localized inflammatory response in the bulb cavity. CLINICAL FEATURES:          Tooth is sensitive to thermal changes, especially cold.          Pain - short duration, disappears on withdrawal of thermal irritant.          Affected tooth responds to stimulation of electric pulp tester at lower level of current indicating low pain threshold.          Teeth usually show deep caries, metallic restoration with defective margins.          Dilation of pulp blood vessels.          Edema fluid collection due to damage of vessel wall.          Slowing of blood flow & hemoconcentration due to transudation can cause thrombosis. Diagnostic Evalua...

RICKETS { बालवक्र } Deficiency of vitamin D in children leads to rickets & in adult  to  osteomalacia.   SIGN & SYMPTOMS Child”s  bones get deformed, Enlargement of ends of long bones, Bending of legs, Knock(down) knee, Sunken chest(chest inside), Rickety rosary chest Beading of ribs & bones (tenderness) Dental problems Muscle weakness Increase tendency for fracture(green stick fracture) Spinal deformity(kyphoscoliosis) Growth disturbance Hypocalcaemia Widening of wrist TREATMENT & PREVENTION Daily  administration  of 1000 to 3000 IU Of vitamin “D” orally for  about  a month. There  after  800 IU of vitamin  “D”  should be given for 6 months for prevention ,400 IU of vitamin ‘D’ should be given every day with diet. Use  sunlight  for  better recovery.

BERI-BERI           बेरी बेरी     Deficiency of vitamin B1 or thiamine leads to beri beri .This disease is caused by eating polished rice. SIGN & SYMPTOMS             Nervous disorder, oedema  , heart disease.                               TYPES-                            (a) Dry beri beri                 (b) Wet beri beri (a)   Dry beri beri-   Anorexia  , disturbances of digestive system             →Tingling & numbness of the legs & hands   ...